Profile
- Type
- Tracked self-propelled gun-missile air defense system
- Conflict side
- Russia
- Origin
- Soviet Union
- Service note
- Entered Soviet service in the 1980s; still fielded by Russia and other operators
Air Defense
2K22 Tunguska
The 2K22 Tunguska is a Soviet-designed tracked short-range air defense system that combines twin 30 mm autocannons, 9M311-family surface-to-air missiles, search and tracking radars, and a protected self-propelled chassis. Built to cover maneuver formations against low-flying aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles, and later unmanned threats, it appears in the Russia-Ukraine War mainly as a Russian front-line air-defense asset with visually documented combat losses.
- Conflict side
- Russia
- Built in
- Soviet UnionRussia
Service History
- In service
- 1980s-present
- Used by
- Russian Armed Forces, Ukrainian Armed Forces
- Wars
- Russia-Ukraine War
Production History
- Designer
- KBP Instrument Design Bureau
- Designed
- 1970s
- Built in
- Soviet UnionRussia
- Produced
- 1970s-present
- Variants
- 2K22 Tunguska, 2K22M Tunguska-M, 2K22M1 Tunguska-M1
Specifications
- Crew
- 4
- Armament
- Two 30 mm 2A38/2A38M twin autocannons and up to eight 9M311 or 9M311M surface-to-air missiles
- Missile engagement envelope
- About 2.4-8 km slant range and 15-3,500 m altitude for 9M311-family missiles
- Gun rate of fire
- About 1,950-5,000 rounds per minute combined, depending on source and variant
- Combat weight
- About 34,000 kg
- Mobility
- Tracked GM-352M-family chassis; about 65 km/h road speed and 500 km range
- Sensors
- Surveillance radar with about 18 km detection range and tracking radar with about 16 km tracking range
Conflict Usage
- Russia-Ukraine War
- Side: Russia
Russian 2K22M1 Tunguska systems have been visually documented as destroyed, damaged, abandoned, and captured during the full-scale invasion; Ukrainian reporting also documented a 2025 drone strike against a Russian 2S6 Tunguska air-defense vehicle.
Related Weapon Systems
.jpg?width=480)
9K35 Strela-10Tracked short-range surface-to-air missile systemThe 9K35 Strela-10, NATO reporting name SA-13 Gopher, is a Soviet tracked short-range air defense system mounted on an MT-LB chassis. Built to protect maneuver forces from low-flying aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles, and UAVs, it remains relevant in Ukraine because both sides use mobile air-defense vehicles against the dense reconnaissance-drone threat.
Buk-M2Tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile systemThe Buk-M2 is a Russian tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system in the Buk family, using the 9M317 missile and networked radars to defend maneuver forces and key areas against aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles, precision weapons, and some ballistic targets. In the Russia-Ukraine War it appears on the Russian side as part of layered battlefield air defense, where Ukrainian forces have targeted its launchers and associated radar vehicles.
ZSU-23-4 ShilkaTracked self-propelled anti-aircraft gunThe ZSU-23-4 Shilka is a Soviet tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft gun built around a radar-directed turret with four 23 mm autocannons. Designed to accompany maneuver forces against low-flying aircraft and helicopters, it remains relevant in Ukraine as a short-range air-defense and direct-fire platform, with visually documented losses on both Russian and Ukrainian sides.
9K33 OsaShort-range self-propelled surface-to-air missile systemThe 9K33 Osa, NATO reporting name SA-8 Gecko, is a Soviet short-range self-propelled surface-to-air missile system that combines search radar, tracking radar, command guidance, and ready-to-fire missiles on a single amphibious 6x6 TELAR. In the Russia-Ukraine War it appears on both sides of the air-defense fight, including Ukrainian systems reinforced by Polish-supplied Osa vehicles and visually documented Russian losses.
9K333 VerbaMan-portable air-defense system (MANPADS)The 9K333 Verba is a Russian shoulder-fired short-range surface-to-air missile system built around the 9M336 missile and a passive three-spectral thermal seeker. It is intended to engage low-flying aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aircraft, and cruise missiles, giving Russian small units a portable air-defense option in the Russia-Ukraine War.
AN/TWQ-1 AvengerSelf-propelled short-range air defense systemThe AN/TWQ-1 Avenger is a Boeing-developed short-range air defense system that mounts a stabilized turret with Stinger missile pods and an M3P .50 caliber machine gun on a HMMWV chassis. In Ukrainian service it adds a mobile, point-defense layer against drones, helicopters, low-flying aircraft, and cruise-missile threats during the Russia-Ukraine War.Sources
2S6 2S6M Tunguska 2K22 2K22M SA-19 GrisonPublisher: Army Recognition | Note: Supports system background, role, variants, users, armament, radar, mobility, dimensions, and other specifications. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Joint-Stock Company Ulyanovsk Mechanical PlantPublisher: War & Sanctions | Note: Supports manufacturer context for Tunguska-M1 air defense systems and Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Attack On Europe: Documenting Russian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of UkrainePublisher: Oryx | Note: Supports Russia-Ukraine War use context through visually confirmed Russian 2K22M1 Tunguska losses. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Russian 2S6 Tunguska System Knocked Out as Ukraine Suppresses Short-Range Air DefensePublisher: Defense Express | Note: Supports Russia-Ukraine War conflict-use context for a Russian 2S6 Tunguska struck by Ukrainian drone-delivered munitions. | Accessed: 2026-06-202008 Moscow Victory Day Parade - 9K22 Tunguska.jpgPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Supports image provenance and licensing; Commons lists the file as CC BY 3.0. | Accessed: 2026-06-20