Profile
- Type
- Sea-launched land-attack cruise missile family
- Conflict side
- Russia
- Origin
- Russia
- Service note
- Operational Russian naval strike system used in the 2010s and 2020s
Artillery
Kalibr
Kalibr is a Russian family of ship- and submarine-launched cruise missiles, including the 3M-14 land-attack variant known to NATO as SS-N-30A. Its long range, naval basing, and conventional or reported nuclear payload options make it a central Russian Navy strike weapon, and Russian forces have repeatedly used Kalibr missiles in the Russia-Ukraine War for deep strikes against Ukrainian targets.
- Conflict side
- Russia
- Built by
- Novator Design Bureau
- Built in
- Russia
Service History
- In service
- Operational; CSIS lists the 3M-14 Kalibr in service from 2015
- Used by
- Russian Navy, Russian Armed Forces
- Wars
- Russia-Ukraine War, Syrian Civil War
Production History
- Designer
- Novator Design Bureau
- Designed
- Developed from the Klub missile family
- Built by
- Novator Design Bureau
- Built in
- Russia
- Unit cost
- Not publicly confirmed
- Produced
- 1990s-present, with later Russian naval variants fielded in the 2010s
- Number built
- Not publicly confirmed
- Variants
- 3M-14T Kalibr-NK, 3M-14K Kalibr-PL, 3M-54 anti-ship variants, 91R anti-submarine variants
Specifications
- Range
- Estimated 1,500-2,500 km for the 3M-14 land-attack variant
- Warhead
- About 450 kg conventional high-explosive warhead; reported nuclear-capable variants
- Launch platforms
- Surface ships and submarines using Kalibr-NK or Kalibr-PL launch systems
- Guidance
- Inertial navigation with terrain or satellite-aided guidance and terminal seeker details reported for some variants
- Cruise altitude
- Reported about 20 m over sea and 50 m over land
- Propulsion
- Booster-assisted launch with turbojet cruise propulsion
Conflict Usage
- Russia-Ukraine War
- Side: Russia
Russian forces have used Kalibr sea-launched cruise missiles in long-range strikes across Ukraine, including barrages against civilian and energy infrastructure during the full-scale invasion.
Related Weapon Systems
HarpoonCoastal and anti-ship cruise missile systemHarpoon is a U.S.-origin all-weather anti-ship cruise missile family built around active radar terminal homing and sea-skimming flight. In the Russia-Ukraine War, Ukraine received land-based Harpoon coastal defense systems and adapted truck-launched RGM-84 missiles to threaten Russian surface ships operating near the Black Sea coast.
Kh-101Air-launched cruise missileThe Kh-101 is a Russian conventional air-launched cruise missile in the Kh-101/Kh-102 family, designed for long-range standoff attacks from strategic bombers. Its low-altitude flight profile, turbofan propulsion, satellite/inertial navigation, and terminal guidance make it one of Russia's principal long-range strike weapons in the Russia-Ukraine War.
Kh-22Air-launched supersonic anti-ship cruise missileThe Kh-22, NATO reporting name AS-4 Kitchen, is a large Soviet-era air-launched cruise missile built for long-range attacks on carrier groups and other major targets. Designed by Raduga for bomber carriage, it combines a liquid-fuel rocket motor, supersonic speed, and a very large conventional or nuclear warhead. In the Russia-Ukraine War, Russia has repurposed the missile family for land-attack strikes, where its anti-ship guidance heritage and heavy payload make it especially destructive when used against urban targets.
Kh-32Supersonic air-launched anti-ship and land-attack cruise missileThe Kh-32 is a Russian supersonic air-launched cruise missile derived from the Kh-22 family and built for long-range strikes against ships and fixed ground targets. Carried by Tu-22M3-series bombers, it combines high-altitude flight, inertial navigation, and terminal radar homing, making it part of Russia's long-range missile strike inventory used against Ukraine.
Kh-59Air-launched tactical cruise missileThe Kh-59 Ovod is a Soviet/Russian air-launched tactical cruise missile family developed by Raduga for standoff strikes from tactical aircraft. Later Kh-59M, Kh-59MK, Kh-59MK2, and Kh-59MKM variants added turbojet propulsion, larger warheads, anti-ship or land-attack guidance options, and longer range. Russia has used Kh-59-series guided air-launched missiles during the Russia-Ukraine War as part of mixed missile and drone attacks.
P-800 OniksSupersonic anti-ship cruise missileThe P-800 Oniks is a Russian supersonic anti-ship cruise missile, also associated with the Yakhont export variant and Bastion coastal launch systems. Designed for high-speed attacks against naval targets, it has also been used by Russia as a land-attack weapon against southern Ukraine, where its speed and low terminal flight profile complicate interception.Sources
3M-14 Kalibr (SS-N-30A)Publisher: CSIS Missile Threat | Note: Supports Kalibr background, class, basing, estimated range, payload, propulsion, and service status. | Accessed: 2026-06-203M-14 Kalibr (SS-N-30A)Publisher: Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance | Note: Supports designer/manufacturer attribution, variant names, guidance, launch platforms, range, warhead, and role. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III and Army General Mark A. Milley Hold a Press BriefingPublisher: U.S. Department of War | Note: Directly supports Russia-Ukraine War conflict-use by documenting U.S. assessment that Russia was striking across Ukraine with Kalibr sea-launched cruise missiles. | Accessed: 2026-06-20Joint Stock Company Experimental Design Bureau NovatorPublisher: OpenSanctions | Note: Directly supports Russia-Ukraine War conflict-use by tying Novator-supplied Kalibr missiles to Russian Armed Forces use in the war against Ukraine. | Accessed: 2026-06-203M-14E submarine launched land attack cruise missile from Kalibr-PLE-Club-S systemPublisher: Wikimedia Commons | Note: Image provenance and licensing page; the file is listed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International with VRT permission. | Accessed: 2026-06-20